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Other significant Æsir include the trickster god Loki Heimdallr, who is reported in Rígsþula to have fathered the three classes of men and the god of war Týr, who appears to have preceded Odin as the chief deity in the Germanic pantheon. He appears to have been worshiped extensively by the Germanic peoples, particularly warriors and the common people. Thor has many parallels in Indo-European mythology.
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Wielding his hammer Mjölnir, Thor engaged in conflict with the jötnar (giants) and the serpent Jörmungandr. Odin's son, by his wife Frigg, was Thor, the god of thunder. Odin is the lord of Asgard, the abode of the gods, which includes the majestic hall Valhalla, where warriors who died a heroic death in battle ( Einherjar) were admitted in order to prepare them to help Odin in the coming Ragnarök. He was probably worshipped primarily by kings and noblemen rather than the common people. The chief god of the Æsir is Odin, the god of war and wisdom. The Æsir are primarily gods of war and dominate the latter, who are gods of fertility and wealth. Deities Ī number of Germanic gods are mentioned in Old Norse literature and they are divided into the Æsir and the Vanir. Germanic mythology prophesises the end of the world in a coming Ragnarök. Ī central point in the Germanic cosmos is the tree Yggdrasil. Parallels to Auðumbla are found in Indo-Iranian religion, testifying to the ancient Indo-European origins of Germanic mythology. Odin and his brothers were in turn descended from Búri, who had been created by the primeval cow Auðumbla. These say that Odin created the world from the body of the giant Ymir. The accounts of Völuspá are contrasted with those in Vafþrúðnismál and Grímnismál. They came across the tree trunks Ask and Embla, whom they created into the first human couple. The seeress in Völuspá tells of how the world began with a great magical nothingness called Ginnungagap, until Odin and his two brothers raised the Earth from the sea. The beginning and end of the world is told in Völuspá, the first and best known poem in the Poetic Edda. The myths of the Germanic peoples feature narratives focused on Germanic deities and a variety of other entities. Īrchaeological evidence, Runic inscriptions and place-names are also useful sources on Germanic mythology. Of particular importance is the Poetic Edda. The most important sources on Germanic mythology are however works of Old Norse literature, most of whom were written down in the Icelandic Commonwealth during the Middle Ages. Vernacular sources on Germanic mythology include the Merseburg Charms, the Nibelungenlied, and various pieces of Old English literature, particularly Beowulf. Later Latin-language sources on Germanic mythology include Getica by Jordanes, History of the Lombards by Paul the Deacon, Ecclesiastical History of the English People by Bede, Vita Ansgari by Rimbert, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum by Adam of Bremen, and Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus.
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This includes Commentaries on the Gallic War by Julius Caesar, Geographica by Strabo, and Germania by Tacitus. The earliest written sources on Germanic mythology include literature by Roman writers. Archaeological remains, such as petroglyphs in Scandinavia, suggest continuity in Germanic mythology since at least the Nordic Bronze Age.